LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Option C: Ecology
UNIT NOTES and REVIEW QUIZZES
Use these notes to learn the facts and to test yourself. They consist of questions and answers so you can test yourself by covering up the answer while you ask yourself the question - or get someone else to ask you the question. When the unit is over use the review quizzes to test your knowledge.
Objective 1: What is the role of hormones in developing sexual characteristics and controlling fertility?
You will need to understand which hormones control the stages of the menstrual cycle and the development of sex organs during puberty - this makes up most of the learning outcomes. You should also recognise the structures that make up the reproductive organs and their functions. In addition, there are two minor historical details that led to our understanding by Aristotle and William Harvey.
WORDS:
Menstrual cycle – Testosterone – Semen – Ovulation - Secondary sexual characteristic – Oestrogen – Fertilisation – Ureter – Endometrium - Follicle stimulating hormone – Spermatozoa - Fallopian tubule – Progesterone – Foetus - Luteinising hormone - Corpus luteum - Vas deferens – Menstruation - Seminal vesicle – Embryo – Epididymis – Bladder - Urogenital system – Follicle – HCG - Prostate gland – Scrotum – Urethra – Oviduct – Cervix – Urine – Testis – Vagina – Puberty – Uterus – Penis- Ovary – SRY – TDF – Gonads – Vulva - Follicular phase - Luteal phase
Learn the words: Matching Game 1 - Learn the words: Matching Game 2 - Learn the words: Matching Game 3
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Skill: How do you draw the male reproductive system?
2. What are the functions of the parts of the male urogenital system – bladder, ureter, urethra, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and penis?
3. Skill: How do you draw the female reproductive system?
4. What are the functions of the parts of the female reproductive system – ovaries, oviducts/fallopian tubes, uterus, endometrium, cervix, vagina, and vulva?
5. What are secondary sexual characteristics?
6. What causes secondary sexual characteristics and when do they develop?
7. What is the role of testosterone in males?
8. How does maleness develop, e.g. testes, in an embryo?
9. What are the roles of SRY and TDF?
10. How does femaleness develop?
11. What is the menstrual cycle?
12. What are follicles and ova?
13. What happens on the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
14. What happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
15. What is menstruation? Why does it occur?
16. What is FSH and what does it do? Where is it made?
17. What is oestrogen and what does it do? Where is it made?
18. How does negative feedback control ovulation?
19. What is LH and what does it do? Where is it made?
20. What is a Graafian follicle?
21. What is ovulation?
22. What is the corpus luteum?
23. What is progesterone and what does it do? Where is it made?
24. What is fertilisation?
25. What is a zygote?
26. How do hormones interact in the menstrual cycle?
27. What causes menstruation?
28. What is implantation?
29. What prevents the breakdown of the endometrium?
30. What is the role of HCG?
31. What was the seed and soil theory of Aristotle?
32. What did William Harvey do to test the seed and soil theory?
33. How was William Harvey limited by technology?
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